Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) additive on phenothiazine dyes sensitized photovoltaic performance

The effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in a dye solution as a co-adsorbent on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on two organic dyes containing phenothiazine and triarylamine segments (P1 and P2) were investigated.It was found that the coadsorption of CDCA can hinder the formation of dye aggregates and improve electron injection yield and thus Jsc.This has also led to a rise in photovoltage,which is attributed to the decrease of charge recombination.The DSSC based ...     

离子液体添加剂[BMIM]HSO4对锌电积过程析氧反应动力学的影响

研究了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([BMIM]HSO₄)离子液体对锌电积过程析氧反应的影响. 研究工作借助于动电位极化, 电化学阻抗谱, 扫描电镜和X射线衍射等测试技术. 动电位极化曲线及对应的动力学参数分析表明, [BMIM]HSO₄对阳极析氧反应具有催化作用,可提高析氧反应速率常数. 电化学阻抗谱数据表明,[BMIM]HSO₄能显著降低阳极析氧电荷传递电阻,在所研究的1.85-2.10 V电位范围内添加5 mg·L^-1 [BMIM]HSO₄, 电阻值至少降低50%. 此外, 添加剂对阳极表面二次反应具有抑制作用, 其在阳极表面的吸附,阻碍了阴离子的阳极活化位点吸附过程. 电化学测试结果与长时间(120 h)阳极极化后所得阳极表面形貌和结晶取向分析结果相一致. [BMIM]HSO₄的添加能有效抑制中间产物β-PbO₂的形成,促进铅银电极表面大块且疏松多孔α-PbO₂的生成,加速阳极析氧的进行.     

链接基团对固载手性Salen Mn(m)催化不对称环氧化反应的影响

制备了二胺和二酚修饰的晶态有机聚合物-无机杂化载体低聚苯乙烯基膦酸-膦酸氢锆(LCZSPP)轴向固载手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)催化剂,将其应用于非官能烯烃的多相不对称环氧化反应.研究了两类轴向连接基团及助催化剂在催化不对称环氧化反应中的影响.结果表明,通过二胺为链接基团固载的催化剂在加入轴向助剂(NMO)的情况下,转化...     

Mechanical study on the impact of an effective solvent support-removal methodology for FDM Ultem 9085 parts

The use of support material to produce Fused Deposition Modeling parts is often unavoidable. The support removal task tends to be laborious and time-consuming when no soluble support materials are available, which is the case of the high-performance thermoplastic Ultem™ 9085. This paper investigates the effect of different solvent/solvent mixtures on Ultem’s mechanical properties with the aim to identify a solvent capable of dissolving its support material (a polysulfone) without noticeably damaging the model material. To do so, initial solubility tests have helped narrow the list of solvent candidates. These have been followed by infrared analyses to identify the presence of dissolved polymers in the media, as well as scanning electron microscope micrographs to analyze the surface topography of the treated parts. Finally, tensile and flexural tests have permitted to quantify the change on Ultem’s mechanical properties as a function of the treatment time. Major findings include a reproducible method for softening or eliminating Ultem’s support material with non-significant changes in their mechanical properties. The outcome of this work represents a first step on the lookout for a solution to facilitate the removal of polysulfone and is considered of great interest for the scientific community due to the rise of Ultem as a structural material.     

Multiscale characterization and constitutive parameters identification of polyamide (PA12) processed via selective laser sintering

This study is focused on multiscale characterization and constitutive parameters identification of selectively laser sintered PA12 specimens. The process parameters and change in crystallinity due to 3D printing were identified via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tension, compression, shear, flexural and fracture tests performed on samples fabricated, both in 0° and 90° directions reveal that the tensile toughness of samples printed in 0° orientation, outperform samples printed in 90° orientation by an average of 24%. Cryogenically fractured samples were analyzed via SEM and micro-computed tomography to analyze 2D/3D defects and correlate the microstructure with macroscopic properties. The constitutive parameters for a strain-rate and temperature-dependent Three Network (TN) material model were identified using the measured mechanical properties. Furthermore, mechanical response of micro-architected Kelvin lattice structure was analyzed by Finite Element Method employing the TN constitutive model and the predictions were corroborated with measurements.     

The effect of short glass fibers on the process behavior of polyamide 12 during selective laser beam melting

In additive manufacturing, polymer composites are used for setting tailored properties. Short glass fibers can be used as fillers for polyamide 12 for enhancing stiffness or tensile strength as well as for reducing shrinkage. In this paper, the effects of short glass fibers on polyamide 12 concerning powder properties, process behavior and part properties in laser beam melting of polymers (SLS) are investigated. It could be shown that by increasing the short glass fiber content powder properties as well as part properties are immensely affected. By adding glass fibers, powder properties, like flowability and diffuse reflection decrease. The isothermal crystallization changes resulting in a narrower processing window. Concerning mechanical properties, short glass fibers allow for a higher stiffness until a critical limit of filler concentration within this study is reached, after which the tensile strength decreases. The elongation of break decreases by rising the filler content.     

Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for the characterisation of polymers and polymer additives: A review

The purpose of this review is to showcase the present capabilities of ambient sampling and ionisation technologies for the analysis of polymers and polymer additives by mass spectrometry (MS) while simultaneously highlighting their advantages and limitations in a critical fashion. To qualify as an ambient ionisation technique, the method must be able to probe the surface of solid or liquid samples while operating in an open environment, allowing a variety of sample sizes, shapes, and substrate materials to be analysed. The main sections of this review will be guided by the underlying principle governing the desorption/extraction step of the analysis; liquid extraction, laser ablation, or thermal desorption, and the major component investigated, either the polymer itself or exogenous compounds (additives and contaminants) present within or on the polymer substrate. The review will conclude by summarising some of the challenges these technologies still face and possible directions that would further enhance the utility of ambient ionisation mass spectrometry as a tool for polymer analysis.     

基于拓扑优化和深度学习的新型结构生成方法

计算机辅助设计已广泛应用于结构计算和分析,但如何利用计算机智能生成最佳的新型结构还面临巨大挑战。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于拓扑优化和深度学习的新型结构智能生成方法。该方法首先通过结构拓扑优化分析获得不同参数下的优化结果制作训练集图片,并将训练集标签定义为相应的工况类型,然后应用最小二乘生成对抗网络(LSGAN)深度学习算法进行训练并生成大量的新型结构,最后建立评价指标和评估体系对生成的模型进行评价比较,根据需求选择最佳结构设计方案。结合一个铸钢支座节点底板设计的工程案例,详细阐述了上述方法的应用过程,并借助三维重构技术和增材制造技术实现结构模型的一体化制造。研究结果表明,基于拓扑优化和深度学习的新型结构智能生成方法不仅可以自动生成新的结构,而且可以进一步优化结构的材料用量和力学性能。     

全密度功能性复杂金属零件的激光直接快速制造

 针对具有复杂结构的全密度功能性金属零件快速制造难题,探讨了该类零件的选区激光熔化直接快速制造方法,并结合实验,重点对同步保证选区激光熔化快速制造金属零件成型密度及精度的工艺进行了研究。结果表明：同步消除球化、飞溅及气孔对成型件致密性及精度的影响是实现选区激光熔化快速制造全密度功能性复杂金属零件的难点及关键;在维持良好的抗氧化气氛条件下,可采用尽可能薄的铺粉厚度及恰当调节其它成型参数的方法,以保证对上一层有足够的重熔量来消除球化及气孔现象;同时,采用合适的扫描策略,可弱化飞溅对成型质量的影响来解决工艺难题。采用该工艺方案可快速制造全密度功能性复杂金属零件,所成型的316L不锈钢叶轮零件相对密度为99.8%,硬度为HB192,表面粗糙度约为40 μm,尺寸精度在±0.1 mm以内,稍经打磨后即可投入使用。     

Growth of gem-grade nitrogen-doped diamond crystals heavily doped with the addition of Ba（N3）2

Additive Ba(N 3) 2 as a source of nitrogen is heavily doped into the graphite-Fe-based alloy system to grow nitrogendoped diamond crystals under a relatively high pressure (about 6.0 GPa) by employing the temperature gradient method.Gem-grade diamond crystal with a size of around 5 mm and a nitrogen concentration of about 1173 ppm is successfully synthesised for the first time under high pressure and high temperature in a China-type cubic anvil highpressure apparatus.The growth habit of diamond crystal under the environment with high degree of nitrogen doping is investigated.It is found that the morphologies of heavily nitrogen-doped diamond crystals are all of octahedral shape dominated by {111} facets.The effects of temperature and duration on nitrogen concentration and form are explored by infrared absorption spectra.The results indicate that nitrogen impurity is present in diamond predominantly in the dispersed form accompanied by aggregated form,and the aggregated nitrogen concentration in diamond increases with temperature and duration.In addition,it is indicated that nitrogen donors are more easily incorporated into growing crystals at higher temperature.Strains in nitrogen-doped diamond crystal are characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy.Measurement results demonstrate that the undoped diamond crystals exhibit the compressive stress,whereas diamond crystals heavily doped with the addition of Ba(N 3) 2 display the tensile stress.